In vitro estrogenic, cytotoxic, and genotoxic profiles of the xenoestrogens 8-prenylnaringenine, genistein and tartrazine.
Atefeh NasriRaimo PohjanvirtaPublished in: Environmental science and pollution research international (2021)
Phytoestrogens have been widely praised for their health-promoting effects, whereas synthetic environmental estrogens are considered a toxicological risk to human health. The aim of this study was therefore to compare in vitro the estrogenic, cytotoxic, and genotoxic profiles of three common estrogen-like endocrine-disrupting chemicals: the phytoestrogens 8-prenylnaringenine (8-PN) and genistein and the synthetic xenoestrogen tartrazine. As assessed by a yeast bioreporter assay and estrogen-dependent proliferative response in human mammary gland adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7), 8-PN showed the highest estrogen-like activity of the three compounds, followed by tartrazine and genistein. After 24-h incubation on MCF-7 cells, all three compounds exhibited low cytotoxicity in the lactate dehydrogenase assay and no genotoxicity in the micronucleus assay. These results demonstrate that 8-PN, genistein and tartrazine possess variable estrogenic activity but display little cellular toxicity in short-term tests in vitro. No difference between phytoestrogens and a synthetic xenoestrogen could be established.
Keyphrases
- human health
- estrogen receptor
- risk assessment
- high throughput
- climate change
- breast cancer cells
- induced apoptosis
- healthcare
- endothelial cells
- public health
- squamous cell carcinoma
- oxidative stress
- mental health
- oxide nanoparticles
- cell cycle arrest
- radiation therapy
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- cell proliferation
- single cell
- saccharomyces cerevisiae
- health promotion