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3D Printed Scaffolds Manufactured with Biosilica from Marine Sponges for Bone Healing in a Cranial Defect in Rats.

Karolyne Dos Santos Jorge SousaJúlia Risso ParisiAmanda de SouzaMatheus de Almeida CruzRogério ErbereliJonas A SilvaGiovanna do Espirito SantoGustavo Oliva do AmaralCintia Cristina Santi MartignagoCarlos Alberto FortulanRenata Neves GranitoAna Claudia Muniz Renno
Published in: Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.) (2023)
The inorganic part of marine sponges, called Biosilica (BS), presents an osteogenic potential and the ability of consolidating fractures. Moreover, 3D printing technique is highly effective for manufacturing scaffolds for tissue engineering proposals. Thus, the aims of this study were to characterize the 3D rinted scaffolds, to evaluate the biological effects in vitro and to investigate the in vivo response using an experimental model of cranial defects in rats. The physicochemical characteristics of 3D printed BS scaffolds were analyzed by FTIR, EDS, calcium assay, evaluation of mass loss and pH measurement. For in vitro analysis, the MC3T3-E1 and L929 cells viability was evaluated. For the in vivo evaluation, histopathology, morphometrical and immunohistochemistry analyses were performed in a cranial defect in rats. After the incubation, the 3D printed BS scaffolds presented lower values in pH and mass loss over time. Furthermore, the calcium assay showed an increased Ca uptake. The FTIR analysis indicated the characteristic peaks for materials with silica and the EDS analysis demonstrated the main presence of silica. Moreover, 3D printed BS demonstrated an increase in MC3T3-E1 and L929 cell viability in all periods analyzed. In addition, the histological analysis demonstrated no inflammation in days 15 and 45 post-surgery, and regions of newly formed bone were also observed. The immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated increased Runx-2 and OPG immunostaining. Those findings support that 3D printed BS scaffolds may improve the process of bone repair in a critical bone defect as a result of stimulation of the newly formed bone.
Keyphrases
  • tissue engineering
  • bone mineral density
  • oxidative stress
  • bone loss
  • soft tissue
  • cell death
  • postmenopausal women
  • transcription factor
  • induced apoptosis
  • cell proliferation
  • human health
  • water soluble