Photodynamic Therapy-Induced Anti-Tumor Immunity: Influence Factors and Synergistic Enhancement Strategies.
Wenxin ChouTianzhen SunNian PengZixuan WangDefu ChenHaixia QiuHongyou ZhaoPublished in: Pharmaceutics (2023)
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an approved therapeutic procedure that exerts cytotoxic activity towards tumor cells by activating photosensitizers (PSs) with light exposure to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Compared to traditional treatment strategies such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, PDT not only kills the primary tumors, but also effectively suppresses metastatic tumors by activating the immune response. However, the anti-tumor immune effects induced by PDT are influenced by several factors, including the localization of PSs in cells, PSs concentration, fluence rate of light, oxygen concentration, and the integrity of immune function. In this review, we systematically summarize the influence factors of anti-tumor immune effects mediated by PDT. Furthermore, an update on the combination of PDT and other immunotherapy strategies are provided. Finally, the future directions and challenges of anti-tumor immunity induced by PDT are discussed.
Keyphrases
- photodynamic therapy
- fluorescence imaging
- reactive oxygen species
- radiation therapy
- immune response
- signaling pathway
- minimally invasive
- induced apoptosis
- squamous cell carcinoma
- small cell lung cancer
- cell death
- dendritic cells
- locally advanced
- coronary artery bypass
- cell proliferation
- acute coronary syndrome
- coronary artery disease
- diabetic rats
- current status
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- rectal cancer