Using objective robotic automated performance metrics and task-evoked pupillary response to distinguish surgeon expertise.
Jessica H NguyenJian ChenSandra P MarshallSaum GhodoussipourAndrew ChenInderbir S GillAndrew J HungPublished in: World journal of urology (2019)
Automated performance metrics and TEPR can distinguish surgeon expertise levels during robotic surgical tasks. Furthermore, under high cognitive workload, there can be a divergence in robotic movement profiles between expertise levels.