Urine Metabolite Analysis to Identify Pathomechanisms of Long COVID: A Pilot Study.
Maja TaenzerJudith Löffler-RaggAndrea SchrollPablo Monfort-LanzasSabine EnglGünter WeissNatascha BrigoKatharina KurzPublished in: International journal of tryptophan research : IJTR (2023)
Phenylalanine levels were significantly lower in both the LC and ME/CFS patient groups when compared to the Ctrl group. In many LC patients, the concentrations of downstream metabolites of tryptophan and tyrosine, such as serotonin, dopamine and catecholamines, deviated from the reference ranges. Several symptoms (sleep disturbance, pain or autonomic dysfunction) were associated with certain metabolites. Patients experiencing fatigue had lower levels of kynurenine, phenylalanine and a reduced kynurenine to tryptophan ratio (Kyn/Trp). Lower concentrations of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and higher activity of kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) were observed in patients with anxiety. Conclusively, our results suggest that amino acid metabolism and neurotransmitter synthesis is disturbed in patients with LC and ME/CFS. The identified metabolites and their associated dysregulations could serve as potential biomarkers for elucidating underlying pathomechanisms thus enabling personalized treatment strategies for these patient populations.
Keyphrases
- end stage renal disease
- chronic kidney disease
- ejection fraction
- newly diagnosed
- ms ms
- sleep quality
- peritoneal dialysis
- sars cov
- amino acid
- coronavirus disease
- chronic pain
- mass spectrometry
- physical activity
- patient reported outcomes
- metabolic syndrome
- high resolution
- heart rate variability
- solid phase extraction
- tandem mass spectrometry