The Role of Obesity-Induced Perivascular Adipose Tissue (PVAT) Dysfunction in Vascular Homeostasis.
Agata StanekKlaudia Brożyna-TkaczykWojciech MyślińskiPublished in: Nutrients (2021)
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is an additional special type of adipose tissue surrounding blood vessels. Under physiological conditions, PVAT plays a significant role in regulation of vascular tone, intravascular thermoregulation, and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. PVAT is responsible for releasing adipocytes-derived relaxing factors (ADRF) and perivascular-derived relaxing factors (PDRF), which have anticontractile properties. Obesity induces increased oxidative stress, an inflammatory state, and hypoxia, which contribute to PVAT dysfunction. The exact mechanism of vascular dysfunction in obesity is still not well clarified; however, there are some pathways such as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) disorders and PVAT-derived factor dysregulation, which are involved in hypertension and endothelial dysfunction development. Physical activity has a beneficial effect on PVAT function among obese patients by reducing the oxidative stress and inflammatory state. Diet, which is the second most beneficial non-invasive strategy in obesity treatment, may have a positive impact on PVAT-derived factors and may restore the balance in their concentration.
Keyphrases
- adipose tissue
- oxidative stress
- insulin resistance
- weight loss
- high fat diet induced
- metabolic syndrome
- diabetic rats
- physical activity
- obese patients
- bariatric surgery
- high fat diet
- smooth muscle
- type diabetes
- weight gain
- roux en y gastric bypass
- skeletal muscle
- dna damage
- gastric bypass
- induced apoptosis
- ischemia reperfusion injury
- angiotensin ii
- blood pressure
- body mass index
- cell therapy
- signaling pathway
- coronary artery
- mesenchymal stem cells
- endothelial cells
- high glucose
- angiotensin converting enzyme
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- molecular dynamics
- depressive symptoms
- bone marrow
- density functional theory