Short Photoswitchable Ceramides Enable Optical Control of Apoptosis.
Johannes MorsteinMatthijs KolAlexander J E NovakSuihan FengShadi KhayyoKonstantin HinnahNasi Li-PurcellGrace PanBenjamin M WilliamsHoward RiezmanGunes Ekin Atilla-GokcumenJoost C M HolthuisDirk H TraunerPublished in: ACS chemical biology (2021)
We report short ceramide analogs that can be activated with light and further functionalized using azide-alkyne click chemistry. These molecules, termed scaCers, exhibit increased cell permeability compared to their long-chain analogs as demonstrated using mass spectrometry and imaging. Notably, scaCers enable optical control of apoptosis, which is not observed with long-chain variants. Additionally, they function as photoswitchable substrates for sphingomyelin synthase 2 (SMS2), exhibiting inverted light-dependence compared to their extended analogs.
Keyphrases
- high resolution
- mass spectrometry
- molecular docking
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- oxidative stress
- cell cycle arrest
- cell death
- high speed
- single cell
- liquid chromatography
- cell therapy
- endothelial cells
- copy number
- quantum dots
- high performance liquid chromatography
- gene expression
- stem cells
- capillary electrophoresis
- bone marrow
- ms ms