Systemic inflammation induced the delayed reduction of excitatory synapses in the CA3 during ageing.
Tatsuya ManabeIldikó RáczStephanie SchwartzLinda OberleFrancesco SantarelliJulius V EmmrichJonas J NeherMichael T HenekaPublished in: Journal of neurochemistry (2021)
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) represents diverse cerebral dysfunctions in response to pathogen-induced systemic inflammation. Peripheral exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of the gram-negative bacterial cell wall, has been extensively used to model systemic inflammation. Our previous studies suggested that LPS led to hippocampal neuron death and synaptic destruction in vivo. However, the underlying roles of activated microglia in these neuronal changes remained unclear. Here, LPS from two different bacterial strains (Salmonella enterica or E. coli) were compared and injected in 14- to 16-month-old mice and evaluated for neuroinflammation and neuronal integrity in the hippocampus at 7 or 63 days post-injection (dpi). LPS injection resulted in persistent neuroinflammation lasting for seven days and a subsequent normalisation by 63 dpi. Of note, increases in proinflammatory cytokines, microglial morphology and microglial mean lysosome volume were more pronounced after E. coli LPS injection than Salmonella LPS at 7 dpi. While inhibitory synaptic puncta density remained normal, excitatory synaptic puncta were locally reduced in the CA3 region of the hippocampus at 63 dpi. Finally, we provide evidence that excitatory synapses coated with complement factor 3 (C3) decreased between 7 dpi and 63 dpi. Although we did not find an increase of synaptic pruning by microglia, it is plausible that microglia recognised and eliminated these C3-tagged synapses between the two time points of investigation. Since a region-specific decline of CA3 synapses has previously been reported during normal ageing, we postulate that systemic inflammation may have accelerated or worsened the CA3 synaptic changes in the ageing brain.
Keyphrases
- inflammatory response
- lps induced
- lipopolysaccharide induced
- cerebral ischemia
- prefrontal cortex
- escherichia coli
- toll like receptor
- gram negative
- multidrug resistant
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
- anti inflammatory
- blood brain barrier
- cell wall
- brain injury
- ultrasound guided
- type diabetes
- neuropathic pain
- protein kinase
- acute kidney injury
- drug induced
- oxidative stress
- intensive care unit
- immune response
- multiple sclerosis
- case control
- spinal cord injury
- adipose tissue
- endothelial cells