Nutritional Challenges in Metabolic Syndrome.
Irene HoyasMiguel Leon-SanzPublished in: Journal of clinical medicine (2019)
Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a combination of risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes. Different diagnostic criteria were proposed, but a consensus was reached in 2009 based on values of waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glycemia, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels. The main underlying etiologic factor is insulin resistance. The quality and quantity of individual macronutrients have an influence on the development and resolution of this syndrome. However, the main treatment goal is weight loss and a decrease in insulin resistance. A controlled energy dietary recommendation, together with moderate levels of physical activity, may positively change the parameters of MetS. However, there is no single dietary or exercise prescription that works for all patients. Dietary patterns such as Mediterranean-style, dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH), low-carbohydrate, and low-fat diets can ameliorate insulin resistance and MetS. Long-term adherence to a healthy lifestyle is key in assuring that individuals significantly reduce the risk of CVD and diabetes mellitus.
Keyphrases
- insulin resistance
- metabolic syndrome
- high density
- type diabetes
- weight loss
- blood pressure
- glycemic control
- adipose tissue
- physical activity
- cardiovascular disease
- body mass index
- high fat diet
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- skeletal muscle
- end stage renal disease
- high fat diet induced
- uric acid
- cardiovascular risk factors
- high intensity
- bariatric surgery
- blood glucose
- newly diagnosed
- roux en y gastric bypass
- chronic kidney disease
- ejection fraction
- body weight
- prognostic factors
- case report
- hypertensive patients
- peritoneal dialysis
- patient reported outcomes
- coronary artery disease
- combination therapy
- depressive symptoms
- sleep quality