A radiation-free mixed-reality training environment and assessment concept for C-arm-based surgery.
Philipp StefanSéverine HabertAlexander WinklerMarc LazaroviciJulian FürmetzUlrich EckNassir NavabPublished in: International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery (2018)
The proposed mixed-reality simulation system facilitates a transition to C-arm-based surgery and has the potential to complement or even replace large parts of cadaver training, to provide a safe assessment environment and to reduce the risk for errors when proceeding to patient treatment. We propose an assessment concept and outline the steps necessary to expand the system into a test instrument that provides reliable and justified assessments scores indicative of surgical proficiency with sufficient evidence for validity.