Antidepressant-like effects of psychedelics in a chronic despair mouse model: is the 5-HT 2A receptor the unique player?

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most disabling psychiatric disorders in the world. First-line treatments such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) still have many limitations, including a resistance to treatment in 30% of patients and a delayed clinical benefit that is observed only after several weeks of treatment. Increasing clinical evidence indicates that the acute administration of psychedelic agonists of the serotonin 5-HT 2A receptor (5-HT 2A R), such as psilocybin, to patients with MDD induce fast antidepressant effects, which persist up to five weeks after the treatment. However, the involvement of the 5-HT 2A R in these antidepressant effects remains controversial. Furthermore, whether the hallucinogenic properties of 5-HT 2A R agonists are mandatory to their antidepressant activity is still an open question. Here, we addressed these issues by investigating the effect of two psychedelics of different chemical families, DOI and psilocybin, and a non-hallucinogenic 5-HT 2A R agonist, lisuride, in a chronic despair mouse model exhibiting a robust depressive-like phenotype. We show that a single injection of each drug to wild type mice induces anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects in the novelty-suppressed feeding, sucrose preference and forced swim tests, which last up to 15 days. DOI and lisuride administration did not produce antidepressant-like effects in 5-HT 2A -/- mice, whereas psilocybin was still effective. Moreover, neither 5-HT 1A R blockade nor dopamine D 1 or D 2 receptor blockade affected the antidepressant-like effects of psilocybin in 5-HT 2A -/- mice. Collectively, these findings indicate that 5-HT 2A R agonists can produce antidepressant-like effects independently of hallucinogenic properties through mechanisms involving or not involving the receptor.