Modulatory Effects of the Kuwanon-Rich Fraction from Mulberry Root Bark on the Renin-Angiotensin System.
Ji-Hae LeeHeon-Woong KimSo-Ah KimWan-Taek JuSeong-Ryul KimHyun-Bok KimIk-Seob ChaSeong-Wan KimJong Woo ParkSang-Kuk KangPublished in: Foods (Basel, Switzerland) (2024)
In this study, we investigated the anti-hypertensive properties of mulberry products by modulating the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Comparative analysis showed that the ethyl acetate fractions, particularly from the Cheongil and Daeshim cultivars, contained the highest levels of polyphenols and flavonoids, with concentrations reaching 110 mg gallic acid equivalent (GE)/g and 471 mg catechin equivalent (CE)/g of extract, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction showed superior angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, mainly because of the presence of the prenylated flavonoids kuwanon G and H. UPLC/Q-TOF-MS analysis identified kuwanon G and H as the primary active components, which significantly contributed to the pharmacological efficacy of the extract. In vivo testing of mice fed a high-salt diet showed that the ethyl acetate fraction substantially reduced the heart weight and lowered the serum renin and angiotensinogen levels by 34% and 25%, respectively, highlighting its potential to modulate the RAS. These results suggested that the ethyl acetate fraction of mulberry root bark is a promising candidate for the development of natural ACE inhibitors. This finding has significant implications for the management of hypertension through RAS regulation and the promotion of cardiovascular health in the functional food industry.
Keyphrases
- angiotensin converting enzyme
- angiotensin ii
- wild type
- ionic liquid
- blood pressure
- oxidative stress
- physical activity
- weight loss
- heart failure
- body mass index
- signaling pathway
- anti inflammatory
- atrial fibrillation
- simultaneous determination
- weight gain
- mass spectrometry
- insulin resistance
- body weight
- risk assessment
- tandem mass spectrometry