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Unraveling Signatures of Local Adaptation among Indigenous Groups from Mexico.

Humberto Garcia-OrtizFrancisco M Barajas-OlmosCecilia Contreras-CubasAustin W ReynoldsMarlen Flores-HuacujaMeradeth SnowJazmín Ramos-MadrigalElvia Mendoza-CaamalPaulina BacaTomás A López-EscobarDeborah A BolnickSilvia Esperanza Flores-MartínezRocio Ortiz-LopezAleksandar David KosticJose Rafael Villafan-BernalCarlos Galaviz-HernándezFederico Centeno-CruzAlejandra Guadalupe García-ZapiénTulia Monge-CázaresBlanca Patricia Lazalde-RamosFrancisco Loeza-BecerraMaría Del Carmen Abrahantes-PérezHéctor Rangel-VillalobosMartha Sosa-MacíasAugusto Rojas-MartinezAngélica Martínez-HernándezLorena Orozco
Published in: Genes (2022)
Few studies have addressed how selective pressures have shaped the genetic structure of the current Native American populations, and they have mostly limited their inferences to admixed Latin American populations. Here, we searched for local adaptation signals, based on integrated haplotype scores and population branch statistics, in 325 Mexican Indigenous individuals with at least 99% Native American ancestry from five previously defined geographical regions. Although each region exhibited its own local adaptation profile, only PPARG and AJAP1 , both negative regulators of the Wnt/β catenin signaling pathway, showed significant adaptation signals in all the tested regions. Several signals were found, mainly in the genes related to the metabolic processes and immune response. A pathway enrichment analysis revealed the overrepresentation of selected genes related to several biological phenotypes/conditions, such as the immune response and metabolic pathways, in agreement with previous studies, suggesting that immunological and metabolic pressures are major drivers of human adaptation. Genes related to the gut microbiome measurements were overrepresented in all the regions, highlighting the importance of studying how humans have coevolved with the microbial communities that colonize them. Our results provide a further explanation of the human evolutionary history in response to environmental pressures in this region.
Keyphrases
  • genome wide
  • immune response
  • endothelial cells
  • dna methylation
  • induced pluripotent stem cells
  • cell proliferation
  • dendritic cells
  • case control
  • gene expression
  • single cell
  • genome wide analysis