Interpreting Absolute and Relative Risk Reduction in the Context of Recent Cardiovascular Outcome Trials in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

To enable personalized treatment approaches, multiple clinical risk scores have been developed to assess risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) outcomes and hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) in patients with T2DM. In addition, circulating biomarkers of myocardial injury (cardiac troponin) and hemodynamic stress (natriuretic peptides) have been shown to further refine risk prediction of these clinically important cardiovascular complications. When making decisions about whether to initiate SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA, clinicians should consider the anticipated relative and absolute treatment benefits from these antihyperglycemic therapies. Clinicians can use available clinical and biomarker-based risk tools when counseling patients about their individual cardiovascular risk profiles and when estimating absolute treatment benefits from SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA.