Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) predicts major bleeding, major adverse cardiac events, and mortality in patients with end-stage kidney disease on hemodialysis: findings from the VIVALDI study.
Stephan NoppOliver KönigsbrüggeSabine SchmaldienstRenate Klauser-BraunMatthias LorenzIngrid Pabinger-FaschingMarcus SäemannCihan AyPublished in: Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association (2022)
GDF-15 predicts risk of major bleeding, cardiovascular events, and death in ESKD patients on hemodialysis and might be a valuable marker to guide treatment decisions in this challenging patient population.