Prediction of anti-VEGF efficacy in diabetic macular oedema using intraocular cytokines and macular optical coherence tomography.

AH concentrations of some inflammatory cytokines in DME were differentially expressed among the three DME morphologies. HF was associated with VEGF and other inflammatory cytokine levels. Multiple HF at baseline predicted a significant decrease in CMT, and eyes with normal VEGF but increased inflammatory cytokines may be insensitive to anti-VEGF treatment.