[Etiology of purulent-inflammatory processes in the genital tract: suspicions of clinicians and problems of laboratory confirmation.]

Despite the long history of the study, laboratory diagnosis of gonococcal infection remains a complex task that does not have a clearly regulated effective solution. Aim of investigation was to assess the species diversity of the microbiota of the genital tract of men and women with suspected acute genital gonococcal infection (AGGI) using test systems of Russian manufacturers. A study of samples of the contents of the urethra of 69 men and posterior vaginal fornix fluids of 33 women of reproductive age with characteristic clinical manifestations and a presumptive diagnosis of AGGI was made. Cultivation was carried out using elective culture media with subsequent identification of strains by biochemical properties. Detection of DNA of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Enterobacteriaceae, Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae, Lactobacillus spp. performed by PCR using Vektor-Best and InterLab Service kits (Russia). All patients were divided into groups according to the results of the bacteriological method and PCR. A metagenomic study of 16S ribosomal RNA samples was performed on the Illumina MiSeq platform using the MiSeq Reagent Kits v3 kit (600-Cycle Kit). Statistical analysis of the data was performed using criterion x2. As a result of a laboratory study, the presumptive clinical diagnosis of «AGGI» found its bacteriological confirmation in 35.3% of cases only, among which fragments of the N. gonorrhoeae genome were detected in 63.9% of the samples only. Moreover, a wide variety of microorganisms in the genital tract of both men and women was found in metagenomic analysis. However, this technique does not allow us to assess the viability of the detected bacteria, and the microflora spectrum is excessively wide. In addition, the high level of genetic polymorphism of different strains of N. gonorrhoeae complicates the interpretation of the results. Deciphering the composition of microbiota allows the use of InterLab Service kits. The decoding of the etiology of purulent-inflammatory processes in the genital tract, which presents serious difficulties, is greatly facilitated by the use of Russian kits for molecular genetic analysis, which, in our opinion, provide the necessary and sufficient information for practice.