Process Optimization for Catalytic Oxidation of Dibenzothiophene over UiO-66-NH 2 by Using a Response Surface Methodology.

This research investigates the catalytic performance of a metal-organic framework (MOF) with a functionalized ligand-UiO-66-NH 2 -in the oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene (DBT) in n -dodecane as a model fuel mixture (MFM). The solvothermally prepared catalyst was characterized by XRD, FTIR, 1 H NMR, SEM, TGA, and MP-AES analyses. A response surface methodology was employed for the experiment design and variable optimization using central composite design (CCD). The effects of reaction conditions on DBT removal efficiency, including temperature ( X 1 ), oxidant agent over sulfur (O/S) mass ratio ( X 2 ), and catalyst over sulfur (C/S) mass ratio ( X 3 ), were assessed. Optimal process conditions for sulfur removal were obtained when the temperature, O/S mass ratio, and C/S mass ratio were 72.6 °C, 1.62 mg/mg, and 12.1 mg/mg, respectively. Under these conditions, 89.7% of DBT was removed from the reaction mixture with a composite desirability score of 0.938. From the results, the temperature has the most significant effect on the oxidative desulfurization reaction. The model F values gave evidence that the quadratic model was well-fitted. The reusability of the MOF catalyst in the ODS reaction was tested and demonstrated a gradual loss of activity over four runs.