Raman Spectroscopy Profiling of Splenic T-Cells in Sepsis and Endotoxemia in Mice.
Ibukun Elizabeth OsadareLing XiongIgnacio RubioUte NeugebauerAdrian Tibor PressAnuradha RamojiJuergen PoppPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2023)
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that results from an overwhelming and disproportionate host response to an infection. Currently, the quality and extent of the immune response are evaluated based on clinical symptoms and the concentration of inflammatory biomarkers released or expressed by the immune cells. However, the host response toward sepsis is heterogeneous, and the roles of the individual immune cell types have not been fully conceptualized. During sepsis, the spleen plays a vital role in pathogen clearance, such as bacteria by an antibody response, macrophage bactericidal capacity, and bacterial endotoxin detoxification. This study uses Raman spectroscopy to understand the splenic T-lymphocyte compartment profile changes during bona fide bacterial sepsis versus hyperinflammatory endotoxemia. The Raman spectral analysis showed marked changes in splenocytes of mice subjected to septic peritonitis principally in the DNA region, with minor changes in the amino acids and lipoprotein areas, indicating significant transcriptomic activity during sepsis. Furthermore, splenocytes from mice exposed to endotoxic shock by injection of a high dose of lipopolysaccharide showed significant changes in the protein and lipid profiles, albeit with interindividual variations in inflammation severity. In summary, this study provided experimental evidence for the applicability and informative value of Raman spectroscopy for profiling the immune response in a complex, systemic infection scenario. Importantly, changes within the acute phase of inflammation onset (24 h) were reliably detected, lending support to the concept of early treatment and severity control by extracorporeal Raman profiling of immunocyte signatures.
Keyphrases
- raman spectroscopy
- acute kidney injury
- septic shock
- intensive care unit
- immune response
- oxidative stress
- high dose
- single cell
- amino acid
- toll like receptor
- inflammatory response
- dendritic cells
- gene expression
- physical activity
- magnetic resonance imaging
- computed tomography
- metabolic syndrome
- wild type
- insulin resistance
- peripheral blood
- rna seq
- ultrasound guided
- stem cell transplantation
- label free
- sleep quality
- circulating tumor