This review aims to examine the existence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P . aeruginosa) a nd their antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in aquatic settings and the alternative treatment ways. P. aeruginosa in a various aquatic environment have been identified as contaminants with impacts on human health and the environment. P. aeruginosa resistance to multiple antibiotics, such as sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, quinolone, trimethoprim, tetracycline, vancomycin, as well as specific antibiotic resistance genes including sul1, qnrs, blaVIM, blaTEM, blaCTX, blaAIM-1, tetA, ampC, blaVIM. The development of resistance can occur naturally, through mutations, or via horizontal gene transfer facilitated by sterilizing agents. In addition, an overview of the current knowledge on inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and ARG and the mechanisms of action of various disinfection processes in water and wastewater (UV chlorine processes, catalytic oxidation, Fenton reaction, and ozonation) is given. An overview of the effects of nanotechnology and the resulting wetlands is also given.
Keyphrases
- antibiotic resistance genes
- wastewater treatment
- pseudomonas aeruginosa
- risk assessment
- human health
- drinking water
- cystic fibrosis
- biofilm formation
- acinetobacter baumannii
- healthcare
- climate change
- anaerobic digestion
- hydrogen peroxide
- genome wide
- escherichia coli
- copy number
- staphylococcus aureus
- replacement therapy
- transcription factor
- drug resistant