IL-15 and IL-21: Better when membrane-tethered together on anti-tumor T cells.

Systemic administration of homeostatic gamma-chain cytokines mediates antitumor responses in some patients treated with adoptive immunotherapy. Yet many patients experience toxic side effects. New work presented herein suggests these limitations can be overcome by membrane-tethering IL-15 and IL-21 to T cell products. This finding has major implications in advancing medicine.