Cognitive Measures and Performance on the Antisaccade Eye Movement Task.

The antisaccade (AS) task is considered a prominent measure of inhibitory control, but it is still unclear which cognitive processes are used for successful performance of the task. Previous results have provided evidence for the involvement of several processes, including working memory (WM), inhibition and attention. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore, using a range of neuropsychological tests, which cognitive factors predict individual differences in AS performance. To do so, 143 healthy participants underwent a battery including tests measuring inhibition, working memory, cognitive flexibility, sustained attention, IQ and fluency. Hierarchical stepwise regression analyses were conducted to assess the association with AS performance. Performance on the Trail-Making-Test, version B (TMT-B), a test measuring flexibility, divided attention and WM, was found to significantly predict AS latency. Rapid Visual Information Processing (RVIP), used to assess sustained attention and WM, significantly predicted AS error rate. Other cognitive measures, however, did not significantly predict AS performance. Bayesian Model Averaging supported these conclusions and showed that non-significant predictors are unlikely to be associated with AS outcomes. Several explanations are provided for the associations of TMT-B and RVIP with AS performance; as the tests measure a range of different cognitive processes, interpretation of these results remains less clear. For a better understanding of the cognitive mechanisms underlying AS performance, future research should make use of a wider range of attention and WM tests.