Convergent epicardial-endocardial ablation for treatment of long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation: A review of literature.

CVP had better 1-year efficacy in eliminating AF when compared to CA. However, SA, specifically the Cox Maze IV, had lower rates of AF recurrence in the npAF patient population. Despite its promising 1-year efficacy rates, the periprocedural complication rate for CVP was significantly higher than both CA and SA.