Adenosine, lidocaine and Mg2+ (ALM) fluid therapy attenuates systemic inflammation, platelet dysfunction and coagulopathy after non-compressible truncal hemorrhage.

Small-volume ALM bolus/drip mounted a frontline defense against non-compressible traumatic hemorrhage by defending immune cell numbers, suppressing systemic inflammation, improving platelet aggregation and correcting coagulopathy. Saline-controls were equivalent to no-treatment. Possible mechanisms of ALM's immune-bolstering effect are discussed.