The Resurrection of Mabrokan: Production of Multiple Cloned Offspring from Decade-Old Vitrified Tissue Collected from a Deceased Champion Show Camel.

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) provides a unique opportunity to reproduce animals with superior genetics. Viable cell lines are usually established from tissues collected by biopsy from living animals in the SCNT program. In the present study, tissues were collected and preserved from a suddenly deceased champion camel. We established cell lines from these decade-old tissues and used them as nuclear donors. After 42 h of in vitro maturation, 68.00 ± 2.40% of oocytes reached the metaphase II (M II) stage while 87.31 ± 2.57% in vivo collected oocytes were matured at collection (p < 0.05). We observed a higher blastocyst formation rate when in vivo matured oocytes (43.45 ± 2.07%) were used compared to in vitro matured oocytes (21.52 ± 1.74%). The live birth rate was 6.45% vs. 16.67% for in vitro and in vivo matured oocytes, respectively. Microsatellite analysis of 13 camel loci revealed that all the SCNT-derived offspring were identical to each other and with their somatic cell donor. The present study succeeded in the resurrection of 11 healthy offspring from the decade-old vitrified tissues of a single somatic cell donor individual using both in vitro and in vivo matured oocytes.