Cutting Edge: Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-Induced T Cells Shape Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection before Reducing the Bacterial Burden.
Jared L DelahayeBenjamin H GernSarah B CohenCourtney R PlumleeShahin ShafianiMichael Y GernerKevin B UrdahlPublished in: Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) (2019)
Growing evidence suggests the outcome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is established rapidly after exposure, but how the current tuberculosis vaccine, bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), impacts early immunity is poorly understood. In this study, we found that murine BCG immunization promotes a dramatic shift in infected cell types. Although alveolar macrophages are the major infected cell for the first 2 weeks in unimmunized animals, BCG promotes the accelerated recruitment and infection of lung-infiltrating phagocytes. Interestingly, this shift is dependent on CD4 T cells, yet does not require intrinsic recognition of Ag presented by infected alveolar macrophages. M. tuberculosis-specific T cells are first activated in lung regions devoid of infected cells, and these events precede vaccine-induced reduction of the bacterial burden, which occurs only after the colocalization of T cells and infected cells. Understanding how BCG alters early immune responses to M. tuberculosis provides new avenues to improve upon the immunity it confers.
Keyphrases
- mycobacterium tuberculosis
- pulmonary tuberculosis
- induced apoptosis
- immune response
- cell cycle arrest
- single cell
- diabetic rats
- cell therapy
- hiv aids
- cell death
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- mesenchymal stem cells
- bacillus subtilis
- bone marrow
- gestational age
- human immunodeficiency virus
- antiretroviral therapy
- adverse drug