Role of Prenatal Nutrition in the Development of Insulin Resistance in Children.
Annalisa BlasettiAlessia QuartaMiriana GuarinoIlenia CicoliniDaniela IannucciCosimo GianniniFrancesco ChiarelliPublished in: Nutrients (2022)
Nutrition during the prenatal period is crucial for the development of insulin resistance (IR) and its consequences in children. The relationship between intrauterine environment, fetal nutrition and the onset of IR, type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity and metabolic syndrome later in life has been confirmed in many studies. The intake of carbohydrates, protein, fat and micronutrients during pregnancy seems to damage fetal metabolism programming; indeed, epigenetic mechanisms change glucose-insulin metabolism. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) induced by unbalanced nutrient intake during prenatal life cause fetal adipose tissue and pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction. In this review we have summarized and discussed the role of maternal nutrition in preventing insulin resistance in youth.
Keyphrases
- insulin resistance
- type diabetes
- adipose tissue
- metabolic syndrome
- physical activity
- young adults
- pregnant women
- high fat diet
- glycemic control
- high fat diet induced
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- skeletal muscle
- oxidative stress
- weight gain
- single cell
- mental health
- gene expression
- dna methylation
- cardiovascular disease
- weight loss
- stem cells
- cell therapy
- cardiovascular risk factors
- preterm birth
- amino acid