Imaging Spectrum of Valvular and Paravalvular Complications of Prosthetic Heart Valve at CT Angiography.

Prosthetic heart valve (PHV) dysfunction is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening condition. In routine practice, transthoracic echocardiography and cinefluoroscopy comprise first-line imaging for the diagnostic evaluation of PHV dysfunction. In cases in which the findings of echocardiography and cinefluoroscopy remain inconclusive or are contradictory, CT angiography can resolve these conflicts. CT angiography also provides incremental diagnostic information about patients with suspected PHV obstruction and endocarditis, in which case it can demonstrate the anatomic substrate and extent of involvement. Additionally, information regarding the coronary arteries, cardiac dimensions, and retrosternal space may be obtained in cases in which repeat surgery is planned. This imaging essay describes the imaging spectrum of valvular and paravalvular complications of PHV at CT angiography and how the knowledge regarding the spectrum of complications can be incorporated into multimodality imaging for guiding clinical management. Keywords: Prosthetic Heart Valve Dysfunction, Prosthetic Heart Valve Thrombosis, Pannus, Paravalvular Leak, CT Angiography, Cardiac, Valves Supplemental material is available for this article. © RSNA, 2021.