Consistency between self-reported disease diagnosis and clinical assessment and under-reporting for chronic conditions: data from a community-based study in Xi'an, China.

The self-reported disease diagnosis by respondents and clinical assessment data exhibit significant inconsistency for all eight chronic conditions. Large proportions of patients with multiple chronic conditions were under-reported in Xi'an, China. Combining relevant potential factors, targeted health screenings for high-risk populations might be an effective method for identifying under-reporting patients.