Mechanisms of Immunosuppression in Colorectal Cancer.
Yang ZhangAshwani RajputNing JinJing WangPublished in: Cancers (2020)
CRC is the third most diagnosed cancer in the US with the second-highest mortality rate. A multi-modality approach with surgery/chemotherapy is used in patients with early stages of colon cancer. Radiation therapy is added to the armamentarium in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. While some patients with metastatic CRC are cured, the majority remain incurable and receive palliative chemotherapy as the standard of care. Recently, immune checkpoint blockade has emerged as a promising treatment for many solid tumors, including CRC with microsatellite instability. However, it has not been effective for microsatellite stable CRC. Here, main mechanisms of immunosuppression in CRC will be discussed, aiming to provide some insights for restoring immunosurveillance to improve treatment efficacy in CRC.
Keyphrases
- locally advanced
- rectal cancer
- radiation therapy
- neoadjuvant chemotherapy
- squamous cell carcinoma
- phase ii study
- palliative care
- healthcare
- minimally invasive
- risk factors
- cardiovascular events
- coronary artery bypass
- acute coronary syndrome
- chronic pain
- lymph node
- papillary thyroid
- pain management
- replacement therapy
- squamous cell
- atrial fibrillation
- percutaneous coronary intervention
- surgical site infection