Enzymatic Synthesis of Modified Alternaria Mycotoxins Using a Whole-Cell Biotransformation System.
Sophie ScheibenzuberThomas HoffmannIsabelle EffenbergerWilfried G SchwabStefan AsamMichael RychlikPublished in: Toxins (2020)
Reference standards for Alternaria mycotoxins are rarely available, especially the modified mycotoxins alternariol-3-glucoside (AOH-3-G), alternariol-9-glucoside (AOH-9-G), and alternariol monomethylether-3-glucoside (AME-3-G). To obtain these three glucosides as analytical standards for method development and method validation, alternariol and alternariol monomethylether were enzymatically glycosylated in a whole-cell biotransformation system using a glycosyltransferase from strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa), namely UGT71A44, expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli). The formed glucosides were isolated, purified, and structurally characterized. The exact amount of the isolated compounds was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography with UV-detection (HPLC-UV) and quantitative nuclear resonance spectroscopy (qNMR). This method has proved to be highly effective with biotransformation rates of 58% for AOH-3-G, 5% for AOH-9-G, and 24% for AME-3-G.
Keyphrases
- high performance liquid chromatography
- escherichia coli
- simultaneous determination
- tandem mass spectrometry
- single cell
- mass spectrometry
- solid phase extraction
- cell therapy
- high resolution
- ms ms
- stem cells
- liquid chromatography
- hydrogen peroxide
- mesenchymal stem cells
- single molecule
- staphylococcus aureus
- nitric oxide
- loop mediated isothermal amplification
- label free
- multidrug resistant