Hypertension, Thrombosis, Kidney Failure, and Diabetes: Is COVID-19 an Endothelial Disease? A Comprehensive Evaluation of Clinical and Basic Evidence.
Celestino SarduJessica GambardellaMarco Bruno MorelliXujun WangRaffaele MarfellaJoseph H TaubePublished in: Journal of clinical medicine (2020)
The symptoms most commonly reported by patients affected by coronavirus disease (COVID-19) include cough, fever, and shortness of breath. However, other major events usually observed in COVID-19 patients (e.g., high blood pressure, arterial and venous thromboembolism, kidney disease, neurologic disorders, and diabetes mellitus) indicate that the virus is targeting the endothelium, one of the largest organs in the human body. Herein, we report a systematic and comprehensive evaluation of both clinical and preclinical evidence supporting the hypothesis that the endothelium is a key target organ in COVID-19, providing a mechanistic rationale behind its systemic manifestations.
Keyphrases
- coronavirus disease
- sars cov
- blood pressure
- venous thromboembolism
- endothelial cells
- end stage renal disease
- respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- nitric oxide
- newly diagnosed
- type diabetes
- ejection fraction
- chronic kidney disease
- cardiovascular disease
- glycemic control
- prognostic factors
- pulmonary embolism
- clinical trial
- peritoneal dialysis
- hypertensive patients
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- insulin resistance
- drug delivery
- depressive symptoms
- atrial fibrillation
- sleep quality
- metabolic syndrome