Histological analysis of vasculopathy associated with pulmonary hypertension in combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema: comparison with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or emphysema alone.

These results imply that pulmonary vasculopathy in patients with CPFE could occur in the whole lung tissue. This may explain the tendency for it to lead to the development of pulmonary hypertension in CPFE cases.