Sweet Taste Signaling: The Core Pathways and Regulatory Mechanisms.
Sunil Kumar SukumaranSalin Raj PalayyanPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2022)
Sweet taste, a proxy for sugar-derived calories, is an important driver of food intake, and animals have evolved robust molecular and cellular machinery for sweet taste signaling. The overconsumption of sugar-derived calories is a major driver of obesity and other metabolic diseases. A fine-grained appreciation of the dynamic regulation of sweet taste signaling mechanisms will be required for designing novel noncaloric sweeteners with better hedonic and metabolic profiles and improved consumer acceptance. Sweet taste receptor cells express at least two signaling pathways, one mediated by a heterodimeric G-protein coupled receptor encoded by taste 1 receptor members 2 and 3 ( TAS1R2 + TAS1R3 ) genes and another by glucose transporters and the ATP-gated potassium (K ATP ) channel. Despite these important discoveries, we do not fully understand the mechanisms regulating sweet taste signaling. We will introduce the core components of the above sweet taste signaling pathways and the rationale for having multiple pathways for detecting sweet tastants. We will then highlight the roles of key regulators of the sweet taste signaling pathways, including downstream signal transduction pathway components expressed in sweet taste receptor cells and hormones and other signaling molecules such as leptin and endocannabinoids.
Keyphrases
- signaling pathway
- induced apoptosis
- type diabetes
- healthcare
- metabolic syndrome
- clinical trial
- cell cycle arrest
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- transcription factor
- weight loss
- adipose tissue
- oxidative stress
- air pollution
- cell proliferation
- genome wide
- gene expression
- dna methylation
- weight gain
- genome wide analysis
- genome wide identification