A modular surgical simulator for microlaryngoscopy using standard instruments and the carbon dioxide laser.

Sara E BresslerLacey K AdkinsMichael E DunhamRohan R WalvekarJangwook P JungJorge A BelgodereAdam X BaoLizabeth S BreauxHunter C LeeSoheil SaneeiAustin P VealJohn S Carleton

Published in: Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology (2022)

The simulator described herein will enable surgeons to acquire the surgical skills necessary to perform operative microlaryngoscopy prior to operating on live patients.

Keyphrases

carbon dioxide
end stage renal disease
ejection fraction
newly diagnosed
peritoneal dialysis
virtual reality
quality improvement
medical students