Spectrum of Third Window Abnormalities: Semicircular Canal Dehiscence and Beyond.
Mai Lan HoGul MoonisC F HalpinH D CurtinPublished in: AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology (2016)
Third window abnormalities are defects in the integrity of the bony structure of the inner ear, classically producing sound-/pressure-induced vertigo (Tullio and Hennebert signs) and/or a low-frequency air-bone gap by audiometry. Specific anatomic defects include semicircular canal dehiscence, perilabyrinthine fistula, enlarged vestibular aqueduct, dehiscence of the scala vestibuli side of the cochlea, X-linked stapes gusher, and bone dyscrasias. We discuss these various entities and provide key examples from our institutional teaching file with a discussion of symptomatology, temporal bone CT, audiometry, and vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials.
Keyphrases
- bone mineral density
- soft tissue
- bone loss
- computed tomography
- bone regeneration
- postmenopausal women
- high glucose
- magnetic resonance imaging
- magnetic resonance
- body composition
- positron emission tomography
- diabetic rats
- dual energy
- image quality
- oxidative stress
- drug induced
- endothelial cells
- pet ct
- medical education