Application of capillary electrophoresis with capacitively contactless conductivity detection for biomedical analysis.

The coupling of capillary electrophoresis (CE) with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C 4 D) has become convenient analytical method for determination of small molecules that do not possess chromogenic or fluorogenic group. The implementations of CE with C 4 D in the determination of inorganic and organic ions and amino acids in biomedical field are demonstrated. Attention on background electrolyte composition, sample treatment procedures, and the utilize of multi-detection systems are described. A number of tables summarizing highly developed CE-C 4 D methods and the figures of merit attained are involved. Lastly, concluding remarks and perspectives are argued.