Dynamic Visualization of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Living Cells via a Two-Stage Cascade Recognition Process.
Man-Sha WuZe-Rui ZhouXiao-Yuan WangBin-Bin ChenMahmoud Elsayed HafezJi-Fen ShiDa-Wei LiRuo-Can QianPublished in: Analytical chemistry (2022)
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is crucial for the regulation of multiple cellular processes, such as cellular responses to stress and protein synthesis, folding, and posttranslational modification. Nevertheless, monitoring ER physiological activity remains challenging due to the lack of powerful detection methods. Herein, we built a two-stage cascade recognition process to achieve dynamic visualization of ER stress in living cells based on a fluorescent carbon dot (CD) probe, which is synthesized by a facile one-pot hydrothermal method without additional modification. The fluorescent CD probe enables two-stage cascade ER recognition by first accumulating in the ER as the positively charged and lipophilic surface of the CD probe allows its fast crossing of multiple membrane barriers. Next, the CD probe can specifically anchor on the ER membrane via recognition between boronic acids and o -dihydroxy groups of mannose in the ER lumen. The two-stage cascade recognition process significantly increases the ER affinity of the CD probe, thus allowing the following evaluation of ER stress by tracking autophagy-induced mannose transfer from the ER to the cytoplasm. Thus, the boronic acid-functionalized cationic CD probe represents an attractive tool for targeted ER imaging and dynamic tracking of ER stress in living cells.
Keyphrases
- living cells
- endoplasmic reticulum
- fluorescent probe
- single molecule
- estrogen receptor
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- breast cancer cells
- quantum dots
- nk cells
- oxidative stress
- signaling pathway
- risk assessment
- drug delivery
- photodynamic therapy
- heavy metals
- endothelial cells
- mass spectrometry
- tandem mass spectrometry
- capillary electrophoresis