Nutri-Epigenetics and Gut Microbiota: How Birth Care, Bonding and Breastfeeding Can Influence and Be Influenced?
Rosita GabbianelliLaura BordoniSandra MoranoJean Calleja-AgiusJoan G LalorPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2020)
Maternal lifestyle is an important factor in the programming of an infant's epigenome, in particular when considered alongside the mode of birth and choice of feeding method (i.e., breastfeeding or formula feeding). Beginning in utero, and during the first two years of an infant's life, cells acquire an epigenetic memory of the neonatal exposome which can be influential across the entire lifespan. Parental lifestyle (e.g., malnutrition, alcohol intake, smoke, stress, exposure to xenobiotics and/or drugs) can modify both the maternal and paternal epigenome, leading to epigenetic inheritance in their offspring. This review aims to outline the origin of early life modulation of the epigenome, and to share this fundamental concept with all the health care professionals involved in the development and provision of care during childbirth in order to inform future parents and clinicians of the importance of the this process and the key role it plays in the programming of a child's health.
Keyphrases
- dna methylation
- healthcare
- early life
- palliative care
- pregnancy outcomes
- birth weight
- genome wide
- gene expression
- gestational age
- preterm infants
- metabolic syndrome
- mental health
- induced apoptosis
- physical activity
- weight loss
- cardiovascular disease
- quality improvement
- public health
- mitochondrial dna
- copy number
- health information
- weight gain
- cell cycle arrest
- pregnant women
- pain management
- current status
- insulin resistance
- preterm birth
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- risk assessment
- type diabetes
- decision making
- human milk
- human health
- skeletal muscle
- heat stress