Approaches through effects of Hall current, nanoparticle radius, inter-particle spacing and multiple slips on the suspension of copper-water nanofluid with gyrotactic microorganisms.

In this comprehensive study, we investigate the dynamic behavior of a copper-water nanofluid infused with gyrotactic microorganisms, focusing on the effects of Hall current, nanoparticle radius, inter-particle spacing, and multiple slip mechanisms. Through advanced numerical simulations and rigorous analysis, we uncover intricate relationships between these parameters and the suspension's characteristics. Our findings unveil the potential for fine-tuning transport processes, manipulating thermal properties, and controlling dispersion and aggregation in nanofluids. These insights hold promise for a wide array of applications, from enhancing heat exchangers and cooling systems to pioneering biomedical devices utilizing gyrotactic microorganisms for targeted drug delivery and sensing. This study not only advances our fundamental understanding of nanofluid dynamics but also paves the way for innovative developments across various scientific and engineering domains.&#xD.