Risk factors and oncological outcomes of urethral recurrence in male patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer after radical cystectomy combined with urinary diversion: a propensity score-matched case control study.

This propensity score-matched case-control study showed that UR is not rare in male patients with MIBC after RC combined with urinary diversion. We identified three independent risk factors of UR: history of TURB, tumor stage, and tumor mutifocality. The oncological outcomes were equivalent between patients with and without UR. These findings could help improve treatment strategies and follow-up schedules.