Multifactorial risk prediction analysis of liver metastasis in colorectal cancer: incorporating programmed cell death ligand 1 combined positive score and other factors.

The exploration and validation of CPS as a novel predictor of CRC liver metastasis were performed. Based on these findings, a new clinical prediction model for CRC liver metastasis was developed by integrating other independent risk factors. The DCA, clinical impact curve, and nomogram graph constructed on the basis of this model have significant clinical implications and guide clinical practice.