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Advanced rechargeable aluminium ion battery with a high-quality natural graphite cathode.

Di-Yan WangChuan-Yu WeiMeng-Chang LinChun-Jern PanHung-Lung ChouHsin-An ChenMing GongYingpeng WuChunze YuanMichael AngellYu-Ju HsiehYu-Hsun ChenCheng-Yen WenChun-Wei ChenBing-Joe HwangChia-Chun ChenHongjie Dai
Published in: Nature communications (2017)
Recently, interest in aluminium ion batteries with aluminium anodes, graphite cathodes and ionic liquid electrolytes has increased; however, much remains to be done to increase the cathode capacity and to understand details of the anion-graphite intercalation mechanism. Here, an aluminium ion battery cell made using pristine natural graphite flakes achieves a specific capacity of ∼110 mAh g-1 with Coulombic efficiency ∼98%, at a current density of 99 mA g-1 (0.9 C) with clear discharge voltage plateaus (2.25-2.0 V and 1.9-1.5 V). The cell has a capacity of 60 mAh g-1 at 6 C, over 6,000 cycles with Coulombic efficiency ∼ 99%. Raman spectroscopy shows two different intercalation processes involving chloroaluminate anions at the two discharging plateaus, while C-Cl bonding on the surface, or edges of natural graphite, is found using X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Finally, theoretical calculations are employed to investigate the intercalation behaviour of choloraluminate anions in the graphite electrode.
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