Extraocular muscle electromyographic recordings for intraoperative monitoring of cranial nerves III, IV, and VI: a single-center experience with intraorbital electrodes.

The 25-mm shaft-insulated intraorbital electrode facilitates robust and consistent electromyographic recordings of EOMs that are advantageous over existing techniques. Combined with the relative ease of needle placement and low rate of complications, the technique is practical for neuromonitoring during craniotomies.