The potent contraceptive gestodene exerts insulinotropic effects through its a-ring reduced metabolites with intrinsic estrogen-like activity in pancreatic β-cells.

J EnríquezT Sosa-LariosE Díaz-DíazS Morimoto

Published in: Journal of endocrinological investigation (2023)

Altogether, the data suggest that 19-nortestosterone-derived contraceptives such as GDN, possess insulinotropic effects through their conversion into metabolites with intrinsic estrogen-like activity in pancreatic β-cells.

Keyphrases

induced apoptosis
cell cycle arrest
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endoplasmic reticulum stress
oxidative stress
cell death
signaling pathway
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