Periprosthetic patella fractures in total knee replacement and revision surgeries: how to diagnose and treat this rare but potentially devastating complication-a review of the current literature.

PPPF is a rare but catastrophic event in TKA and rTKA, occurring mainly in a reconstructed patella. Patient-, implant-, and surgical technique-related factors contribute to its multifactorial etiopathogenesis. Prevention plays a crucial role in reducing the PPPFs rate. Conservative management is the treatment of choice due to high surgery complication rates unless implant loosening, or extensor apparatus disruption occurs.