Immune Response to Third and Fourth COVID-19 Vaccination in Hemodialysis Patients and Kidney Transplant Recipients.
Patrick AffeldtFelix Carlo KoehlerKarl August BrensingMartin GiesEva PlatenVivien AdamLinus ButtFranziska GrundmannEva HegerSteffen HinrichsNils KalischSimon OehmGertrud StegerMaike WirtzThomas BenzingDirk Ludger StippelFlorian KleinChristine E KurschatRoman-Ulrich MüllerVeronica Di CristanzianoPublished in: Viruses (2022)
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a serious hazard for hemodialysis (HD) patients and kidney transplant (KTX) recipients as they suffer from an impaired immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. In addition, a definition of SARS-CoV-2 IgG titer that indicates a sufficient immune response, especially against new omicron variants, is urgently needed. In the present study, the immune response to either a third or a fourth dose of a mRNA vaccine was investigated in 309 dialysis and 36 KTX patients. SARS-CoV-2 IgG titer thresholds indicating neutralizing activity against wild type (WT) and the omicron variant BA.1 were quantified. After four vaccine doses, a high-neutralizing activity against WT was evidenced in HD patients, whereas the neutralizing rate against BA.1 was significant lower. Concerning KTX recipients, humoral and cellular immune responses after a third vaccination were still highly impaired. This calls for modified omicron-targeting vaccines.
Keyphrases
- sars cov
- immune response
- end stage renal disease
- respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- chronic kidney disease
- peritoneal dialysis
- ejection fraction
- newly diagnosed
- coronavirus disease
- prognostic factors
- dendritic cells
- toll like receptor
- zika virus
- patient reported outcomes
- wild type
- drug delivery
- dengue virus
- inflammatory response
- genome wide