Impairment of chloroplast movement reduces growth and delays reproduction of Arabidopsis thaliana in natural and controlled conditions.

Phenotypic variables at the time of the harvest were strongly affected by growth conditions and genotype. In natural conditions, phot1phot2 and chup1 mutants were most adversely affected, demonstrating the importance of chloroplast movement. In controlled conditions, only phot1phot2 was consistently affected, also emphasizing the important, pleiotropic effects of phototropins. In both conditions, NPQ was less important.