Back to Where It Was First Described: Vectors of Sylvatic Yellow Fever Transmission in the 2017 Outbreak in Espírito Santo, Brazil.
Luciana Matos de Abreu StanzaniMonique de Albuquerque MottaRafael Santos ErbistiFilipe Vieira Santos de AbreuAgostinho Cardoso Nascimento-PereiraAnielly Ferreira-de-BritoMaycon Sebastião Alberto Santos NevesGláucio Rocha PereiraGlauber Rocha PereiraClaudiney Biral Dos SantosIsrael de Souza PintoCreuza Rachel VicenteÁlvaro Adolfo Faccini-MartínezKarina Ribeiro Leite Jardim CavalcanteAloísio FalquetoRicardo Lourenço de OliveiraPublished in: Viruses (2022)
Evidence of sylvatic yellow fever was first reported in Atlantic Forest areas in Espírito Santo, Brazil, during a yellow fever virus (YFV) outbreak in 1931. An entomological survey was conducted in six forest sites during and after an outbreak reported ~80 years after the last case in the area. Among 10,658 mosquitoes of 78 species, Haemagogus leucocelaenus, and Hg. janthinomys / capricornii were considered the main vectors as they had a relatively high abundance, co-occurred in essentially all areas, and showed high YFV infection rates. Sabethes chloropterus , Sa. soperi , Sa. identicus , Aedes aureolineatus , and Shannoniana fluviatilis may have a secondary role in transmission. This is the first report of Sa. identicus , Ae. aureolineatus , and Sh. fluviatilis infected with YFV. Our study emphasizes the importance of entomological monitoring and maintenance of high vaccination coverage in receptive areas to YFV transmission.