Cytotoxic effects of submicron- and nano-scale titanium debris released from dental implants: an integrative review.

Redouane MessousBruno HenriquesHassan BousbaaFilipe S SilvaWim TeughelsJúlio César Matias de Souza

Published in: Clinical oral investigations (2021)

Titanium ions and debris have been detected in peri-implant tissues with different size, concentration, and forms. The presence of metallic debris at peri-implant tissues also stimulates the migration of immune cells and inflammatory reactions. Cp Ti and TiO2 micro- and nano-scale particles can reach the bloodstream, accumulating in lungs, liver, spleen, and bone marrow.

Keyphrases

bone marrow
gene expression
quantum dots
mesenchymal stem cells
oxidative stress
klebsiella pneumoniae
gram negative
escherichia coli
visible light